Everything about Spondylolysis totally explained
» Not to be confused with spondylosis or spondylolisthesis.
Spondylolysis is a defect in the
pars interarticularis of a
vertebra. The great majority of cases occur in the lowest of the
lumbar vertebrae (L5), but spondylolysis may also occur in the other lumbar vertebrae, as well as in the
thoracic vertebrae.
Spondylolysis occurs in three to six percent of the population.
Causes
It is typically caused by
stress fracture of the bone, and is associated with certain activities, such as
dance,
weight lifting and
gymnastics. It has been proposed that the pars interarticularis is especially vulnerable when the spine is in an extended position, and a force suddenly presses the vertebrae together, such as when landing on ones feet after a hop. This pressure acts like a nutcracker on the pars interarticularis and can fracture it in susceptible individuals.
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Spondylolysis also runs in families and is more prevalent in some populations, suggesting a hereditary component such as a tendency toward thin vertebral bone.
Spondylolysis is the most common cause of
spondylolisthesis in pediatric patients. In the older population, degenerative disc disease commonly leads to spondylolisthesis without spondylolysis; in these instances, the spinal canal gets narrowed because the spinolaminar arch at one level slides forward on the lower level effectively flattening the canal. The hereditary factor mentioned above is quite notable, since the frequency of spondylolisthesis in Eskimos is 30–50%.
Diagnosis
The defect is seen in the oblique lumbar radiograph.
Image of Pars Defect<-- Picture of x-ray.
An oblique x-ray of the lumbar spine shows what appears to be a "scotty dog" first described by Lachapelle. The nose of the dog is the costal/transverse process; the ear, the superior facet; the neck, the pars interarticularis; the collar, the pars defect (dark on x-ray); the eye, the pedicle seen end on; the body, the lamina; the hindefoot, the spinous process; the tail if pointing straight up=opp. superior articular facet and if pointing horizontally is the transverse process of the opposite side; and the forefoot, the inferior articular process
Image with Pars Defect outlined and fracture marked with arrow<-- Picture of x-ray
Image of a spine with the Scotty defect and no fracture<-- Picture of x-ray.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Spondylolysis'.
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